What is the primary use of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)?

The primary use of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is to view the three-dimensional surface details of specimens at a very high resolution. SEMs utilize a focused beam of electrons to scan the surface of a sample, producing detailed images that reveal the texture, morphology, and structural features of the surface. This capability makes SEM an essential tool in fields such as materials science, biology, and nanotechnology, where understanding surface characteristics is crucial.

While other microscopy techniques might be better suited for examining internal structures or live cell behaviors, SEM is specifically designed to provide in-depth views of surfaces rather than internal components or dynamic processes. This specificity is why it excels in capturing the intricate details of surface features, making it invaluable for researchers studying the fine structures of materials and biological specimens.