What are the products of the electron transport chain?

The products of the electron transport chain primarily include water, ATP, and the oxidized forms of the electron carriers, NAD+ and FAD. As electrons are transferred through the chain, they help to pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient. This gradient drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase, which generates ATP.

Additionally, at the end of the electron transport process, oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor, combining with electrons and protons to form water. Thus, the production of water is also a key outcome. The oxidized forms of NAD+ and FAD are produced because they release the electrons they carried during earlier stages of cellular respiration, such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

This understanding aligns with the correct choice, where water, ATP, NAD+, and FAD are listed as products. The presence of these specific products reflects the biochemical processes occurring during the electron transport chain, highlighting its role in energy production and the importance of oxidation-reduction reactions in cellular respiration.